Global trouble of humanity

For many years it was believed that the SOVIET UNION and Russia, the commodity crisis for the foreseeable future, threaten cannot. The grounds for such withdrawal there. Russia is still the largest producer of the raw material (11% of world oil production, more than 30%-10% of gas, coal, and 14% of commodity ore, 10-15% of non-ferrous and rare metals (1993). the gross potential value in proven reserves estimated at almost 30 trillion dollars and projected capacity amounts to 140 trillion USD.

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The raw-material issue directly related with industrial, agricultural and household waste. The last category is domestic waste or debris. This old newspapers, empty cans, plastic bags, wrapping paper, broken crockery, worn clothes, who damaged appliances and so on Have all of these products are emitted than blatantly violated one of the fundamental laws of nature — the cycle of substances in nature.

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Transition from the era of "wastefulness" resource to the epoch of rational resource use associated with two main points. The first of these is that the energy crisis of the 1970s has given strong impetus to the development of energy-efficient technology, helped to start the transition of the world economy from being extensive to intensive. In many branches of material production and non-production sphere, there has been a marked decline in energy costs, resulting in savings of hydrocarbon raw materials.

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Forest resources is often and rightly associated with environmental and non-raw material problem. Moreover, there is a lot of evidence that in the late 20th century, they have more energy than raw role. 70 per cent of the total population in underdeveloped countries use wood for cooking and heating, on average per year for the approximately 700 kg of burning man. In Nepal, Uganda and Haiti 9/10 energy needs are met by wood fuel, India-g/w. statistics show that more than half of the forest cut down each year is burnt to provide energy.

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The problem of depletion of Earth's interior is exacerbated by the extreme unevenness of distribution of deposits that did not contribute to the stability of the world economy. In fact, no country in the world has no reserves all the right kinds of mineral raw materials and can not do without importing it. So, the United States fully ensure their needs only 22 kinds of mineral raw materials (excluding stroitel?nokamennyh material), while for many types of strategic raw materials (uranium, strontium, cobalt, tantalum, cadmium, tungsten, chromium, manganese, etc.) are chronically dependent on imports (table 15). Total United States imports 15-20% (in value terms) of minerals, Western Europe is 70-80%, Japan, 90-95%. Even China, a little inferior to the range of its mineral resources, large quantities of imports the chromites.

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Despite the implementation of resource conservation policy in many countries, the demand for mineral commodities in the world is growing rapidly in both quantitative terms (by about 5% per year), and "a" on it. In the era of the Greek Hellenistic culture and flourishing of the Roman Principate person used 19 chemical elements, at the end of the XVIH.-28, early in the 20th century is 59. On the eve of the second and third millennia mankind uses more than 100 items and their many combinations, including artificially created from natural materials of the lithosphere.

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It would be imprudent to analyse this issue in isolation from others, especially from energy. After all, the use of all natural resources, raw materials and energy, renewable and nevozobnovimyh — are closely intertwined. So, oil is a commodity and resource and energy, its value could be much less had it not been for machines, constructed of iron, copper and other metals. Agricultural lands are more fertile (that will give more agricultural raw materials), unless they cultivate appropriate technology tucked fuel, and handle the phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers.

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